DAMPAK JAMUR ENDOFIT TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES FITOFAG PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG

HIDAYAT, GINANJAR WAHYU and Herlinda, Siti (2023) DAMPAK JAMUR ENDOFIT TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES FITOFAG PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University.

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Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a type of grain crop that belongs to the grass family (graminacea) which has a economic value and is a source of carbohydrates used as a substitute for rice. Maize is not only used as food for humans, but can be used as animal feed. However, maize cultivation is always faced with the problem of plant pest organisms. Generally, farmers still use synthetic pesticides to manage pest organisms. Continuous application of synthetic pesticides in large quantities can have negative impacts such as pest resistance, accumulation in crop yields and reduction of natural enemies. Efforts to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides are carried out integrated pest control (IPM). IPM control is a pest population management system that utilises appropriate ecological based control techniques to reduce pest populations so as not to cause economic losses. The research was conducted in the research field of Plant Protection Study Programme, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This research started from March to September 2023 with an area of 20 × 30 m. The experimental design used in this research is Randomised Group Design (RGD). The methods used were direct observation and sweep net. Sampling was carried out on plants aged 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after planting. Phytophagous species obtained were then identified at the Entomology Laboratory of the Plant Protection Study Programme, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The results showed that the dominant phytophagous species found was the cuthorse species Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). Other species found were grasshopper Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg), brown ladybird Ganocerus insidiator (Fabricus) and oteng-oteng Aulacophora similis (Olivier). The relative abundance of phytophages ranged from 14-35%. The highest relative abundance of phytophagous species occurred in the control treatment at 35% and the lowest in the foliar treatment at 14%. Sampling results using trap nets found the dominant species, namely, grasshoppers (L. acuta) and brown ladybugs (G. insidiator). In the relative abundance of net data, the seed and root treatments had the largest percentage of abundance at 26% and 28%. Meanwhile, the treatment with the lowest relative abundance percentage was the control treatment at 21%. The intensity and percentage of phytophagous species attacks were observed and calculated for species whose attack symptoms have the potential for loss, the attack symptoms came from 3 phytophagous species, namely, Xenocatantops humilis (Serville), cob borer Carpophilus lugubris (Murray) and stem borer Ostrinia nubialis (Hubner). The calculation of C. lugubris attack intensity at the 7th to 9th observation showed that the root treatment was the treatment most attacked by C. lugubris species, while the seed treatment was not attacked at all. The conclusion of this study is that the impact of endophytic fungi generally does not affect the abundance of phytophagous species but the species A. similis and C. truncatus populations are lower in the leaf treatment compared to other treatments. In addition, Bothrogonia ferruginea (Fabricus) species had lower populations in the leaf and root treatments compared to the other treatments. The abundance of phytophagous species in plants applied with endophytic fungi on the leaves had a low abundance level compared to the root and seed treatments, so the treatment of endophytic fungi on the leaves tended to be more effective in suppressing the abundance of phytophagous species compared to other treatments. The lowest species diversity was found in maize plants applied with endophytic fungi through leaf inoculation.Maize (Zea mays L.) is a type of grain crop that belongs to the grass family (graminacea) which has a high economic value and is a source of carbohydrates used as a substitute for rice. Maize is not only used as food, but can be used as animal feed. Farmers still use synthetic pesticides to manage plant pest organisms. The continuous application of synthetic pesticides in large quantities can cause negative impacts, such as pest resistance, accumulation in crop yields and reduction of natural enemies. Efforts to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides are carried out integrated pest control (IPM). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest population management system that utilises appropriate control techniques to reduce pest populations so as not to cause economic losses. The research was conducted in the research field of Plant Protection Study Programme, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This research started from March to September 2023 with a land area of 20 × 30 M. The research used a Randomised Group Design (RGD). The method used was direct observation method and using sweep net. Sampling was carried out on plants aged 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after planting. Phytophagous species obtained were then identified and documented at the Entomology Laboratory of the Plant Protection Study Programme, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The results showed that the dominant species of phytophagous species found was the cuthorse species (Rhopalosiphum maidis). Other species found were walang sangit (Leptocorisa acuta), brown ladybird (Ganocerus insidiator) and oteng-oteng (Aulachopora similis). The relative abundance of phytophages ranged from 14-33%. The highest relative abundance of phytophagous species occurred in the control treatment at 33% and the lowest in the foliar treatment at 14%. Sampling results using trap nets found the dominant species were the grasshopper (L. acuta) and brown ladybird (G. insidiator). In the relative abundance of net data, the root and seed treatments had the largest percentage of abundance as much as 36% and 34%. Meanwhile, the treatment with the lowest relative abundance percentage was the control treatment at 12%. The intensity and percentage of phytophagous species attacks were observed and calculated for species whose attack symptoms have the potential for loss, the attack symptoms came from 3 phytophagous species namely Coreus marginatus, Carpophilus lugubris (cob borer) and Ostrinia nubialis (stem borer). The calculation of C. lugubris attack intensity at the 7th to 9th observation showed that the root treatment was the treatment most attacked by C. lugubris species, while the seed treatment was not attacked at all. The conclusion endophytic fungi can affect the abundance and diversity of various phytophagous species. This is evident from the results of the study which showed significantly different results.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Phytophagous, sweep net, severity, percentage of attack
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SB Plant culture > SB950-990.5 Pest control and treatment of diseases. Plant protection
Divisions:	05-Faculty of Agriculture > 54295-Plant Protection (S1)
Depositing User:	Ginanjar Wahyu Hidayat
Date Deposited:	25 Jan 2024 01:32
Last Modified:	25 Jan 2024 01:32
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/139553

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