MODEL KERUGIAN FINANSIAL KEHILANGAN BATUBARA AKIBAT SWABAKAR DI STOCKPILE 1, TAMBANG AIR LAYA, PT BUKIT ASAM TBK

ANDRYANTO, ANDRYANTO and Yusuf, Maulana and Bahrin, David (2025) MODEL KERUGIAN FINANSIAL KEHILANGAN BATUBARA AKIBAT SWABAKAR DI STOCKPILE 1, TAMBANG AIR LAYA, PT BUKIT ASAM TBK. Masters thesis, Sriwijaya University.

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Abstract

Coal spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon of spontaneous combustion resulting from an exothermic oxidation reaction between coal and oxygen in the air. This process, which occurs during large-scale storage in stockpiles, not only causes an increase in internal temperature to the ignition point but also leads to significant material loss and economic damage in the mining industry. PT Bukit Asam Tbk, as one of the largest coal mining companies in Indonesia, faces serious challenges from spontaneous combustion at Stockpile 1 in the Air Laya Mine, potentially reducing production efficiency and increasing operational costs. Previous literature still has gaps, particularly in empirical financial loss analysis that considers variations in coal types. This research aims to bridge this gap by developing an empirically based financial loss estimation model resulting from the spontaneous combustion of coal at Stockpile 1, Air Laya Mine, PT Bukit Asam Tbk. This model uniquely integrates maximum temperature data and actual mass loss from laboratory simulations. Laboratory simulations were conducted on four types of local coal commonly found in the mine, with calorific values of ±4,200, ±4,900, ±5,300, and ±7,100 kcal/kg. Surface temperature monitoring using an infrared thermometer and mass measurements were performed over 6 hours (360 minutes) at 30-minute intervals, to observe trends in temperature change and gradual mass reduction. This approach allows for the conversion of thermal and mass data into financial loss estimates using the latest government-set Coal Reference Price (HBA). The research results comprehensively show that the duration of spontaneous combustion is directly proportional to the temperature increase and coal mass reduction. Low-calorific coal (±4,200 kcal) showed the highest reactivity to spontaneous oxidation, reaching a maximum temperature of up to 725°C at 90 minutes into the simulation and experiencing a significant mass loss of up to 90.12% within 360 minutes. Conversely, high-calorific coal (±7,100 kcal) demonstrated better thermal stability, with a slower temperature increase and lower mass loss (71.82%). The developed linear regression model significantly correlates spontaneous combustion duration with temperature increase and mass reduction, and is used to estimate financial losses. For example, the estimated financial loss for 5,300 kcal coal at a maximum temperature of 650°C is USD 69.05/ton, with a potential loss of ±USD 172,000 if only 1% of stockpile 1's capacity experiences spontaneous combustion. This model can be used as an essential predictive tool in sensor-based temperature monitoring systems in stockpiles, enabling early detection of potential spontaneous combustion and rapid response. Furthermore, this research supports more accurate operational decision-making in spontaneous combustion risk management, including the implementation of effective mitigation strategies. The study also provides a strong scientific basis for developing more adaptive and efficient coal storage policies, and suggests the importance of regular coal characterization through proximate and ultimate analysis as a crucial preventive measure to adjust storage strategies based on their susceptibility.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Swabakar Batubara, Kerugian Ekonomi, Simulasi Laboratorium, Model Regresi, Karakteristik Batubara
Subjects:	T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN1-997 Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN275-325 Practical mining operations. Safety measures
Divisions:	03-Faculty of Engineering > 31101-Mining Engineering (S2)
Depositing User:	Andryanto Andryanto
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2025 02:27
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2025 02:27
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/179703

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