PENGUJIAN EKSTRAK DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni) SEBAGAI POTENSI ANTIDIABETIK PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

SILITONGA, HADASA MIRACLE and Setiawan, Arum and Marisa, Hanifa (2025) PENGUJIAN EKSTRAK DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni) SEBAGAI POTENSI ANTIDIABETIK PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University.

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion or action. Treatment using synthetic drugs often leads to side effects, thereby necessitating safer alternatives such as medicinal plants. This study aimed to examine the antidiabetic potential of mahogany leaf extract (Swietenia mahagoni) and to determine its optimal dose in alloxan-induced mice (Mus musculus). The research was conducted from January to March 2025 at the Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University. Animal testing was carried out at a mouse breeding facility located at Jl. Seduduk Putih I, No.89, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The mahogany leaf extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The mice were divided into five treatment groups, consisting of a negative control (aquadest), positive control (glibenclamide 5 mg), and three groups of mahogany leaf extract doses (70, 140, and 280 mg/kgBW). The results showed that the mahogany leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in mice. The 70 mg/kg BW dose resulted in the greatest reduction (68%), followed by the 280 mg/kgBW dose (65%) and the 140 mg/kgBW dose (60%). ANOVA and Post-hoc tests indicated significant differences among the treatment groups, where the negative control differed significantly from both the extract-treated groups and the positive control. However, there were no significant differences between the extract-treated groups and the positive control group. The hypoglycemic effect is attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites in mahogany leaves, which play roles in various mechanisms, including inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, enhancement of insulin secretion and sensitivity, and protection of pancreatic beta cells from damage. These findings suggest that mahogany leaf extract has potential as an antidiabetic agent, with the optimal recommended dosage being 70 mg/kgBW. Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, Mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni), Antidiabetic, Mice (Mus musculus), Optimal dose Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat gangguan sekresi atau kerja insulin. Pengobatan dengan obat sintetis sering menimbulkan efek samping sehingga diperlukan alternatif yang lebih aman seperti penggunaan tanaman obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi ekstrak daun mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) sebagai antidiabetik dan menentukan dosis optimalnya pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari–Maret 2025 di Laboratorium Genetika dan Bioteknologi Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sriwijaya dan pengujian pada hewan uji dilakukan di tempat peternakan mencit Jl. Seduduk Putih I, No.89, dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Ekstrak daun mahoni diperoleh melalui metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Mencit dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, meliputi kontrol negatif (aquades), kontrol positif (glibenklamid 5 mg), dan tiga kelompok dosis ekstrak daun mahoni (70, 140, dan 280 mg/kgBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun mahoni berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit. Dosis 70 mg/kgBB memberikan efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang tinggi (68%), lebih besar dibandingkan dosis 140 mg/kgBB (60%) dan 280 mg/kgBB (65%). Hasil uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut Post-hoc menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan, dimana perlakuan kontrol negatif berbeda signifikan dengan perlakuan ekstrak dan perlakuan kontrol positif, sedangkan perlakuan ekstrak sama dengan perlakuan kontrol positif. Penurunan kadar glukosa darah terjadi karena daun mahoni mengandung senyawa-senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berperan dalam berbagai mekanisme, meliputi penghambatan enzim pencernaan karbohidrat, peningkatan sekresi dan sensitivitas insulin, serta perlindungan sel beta pankreas dari kerusakan. Dapat dinyatakan ekstrak daun mahoni berpotensi sebagai antidiabetik dan dosis optimal yang disarankan adalah dosis 70 mg/kgBB. Kata Kunci : Diabetes melitus, Daun Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), Antidiabetik, Mencit (Mus musculus), Dosis optimal

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	diabetes, daun mahoni, aloksan
Subjects:	Q Science > QP Physiology > QP(901)-(981) Experimental pharmacology
Divisions:	08-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science > 46201-Biology (S1)
Depositing User:	HADASA MIRACLE SILITONGA
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2025 06:42
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2025 06:42
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/181214

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