PEMANFAATAI{ AD SORBEN KERAMIK BERBASIS TANAII LIAT DAN RESIDUE CATALYTIC CRACKING (RCC) YAI!{G TERTNTEGRASI DENGAI{ MEMBRAN REVE,RSE OSMOSIS (RO) UI{TUK PEI'{URUNA}{ PARAMETER POLUTAN DARI ATR TERPRODUKSI

HERAWATI, NETTY and Nasir, Subriyer (2025) PEMANFAATAI{ AD SORBEN KERAMIK BERBASIS TANAII LIAT DAN RESIDUE CATALYTIC CRACKING (RCC) YAI!{G TERTNTEGRASI DENGAI{ MEMBRAN REVE,RSE OSMOSIS (RO) UI{TUK PEI'{URUNA}{ PARAMETER POLUTAN DARI ATR TERPRODUKSI. Doctoral thesis, SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT UTILIZATION OF CLAY-BASED CERAMIC ADSORBENTS AND RESIDUE CATALYTIC CRACKING (RCC) INTEGRATED WITH REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) MEMBRANES FOR THE REDUCTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS FROM THE PRODUCED WATER The petroleum industry is one of the industries in Indonesia that continues to increase. The increase in production is offset by an increase in the amount of liquid waste generated from petroleum exploration. Oil and gas exploration waste is called produced water. The chemical composition of highly complex produced water includes mixtures of various components such as dispersed oils, dissolved hydrocarbons, organic acids, phenols, metals, as well as chemical compound residues added to production or separation streams. Without proper handling, the final disposition of the water produced can contaminate surfaces, groundwater, and soil. Water treatment is produced using membrane technology as an alternative to treating petroleum exploitation waste. The use of used catalysts as the main material for making ceramic adsorbents is because it cannot be regenerated and has the potential to become waste. In addition to used catalysts and clay, the process of making ceramic adsorbents also needs the addition of substances that function as pore forms, namely wheat starch. Membrane technology can reduce organic and inorganic compounds in the water without the use of chemicals in its operation. From the results of SEM analysis, ceramic adsorbents have a heterogeneous and porous structure, with well-defined clynothylyte crystals. The results of characterization with SEM EDX show that the surface of the ceramic adsorbent has many pores and is mostly dominated by amorphous structures. The content of the elements in the adsorbent before the adsorption process includes carbon (C). aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silica oxide (SiO2), sulfur oxide (S03) and calcium oxide (CaO). However, after the adsorption process, other than these components, iron and barium components were also detected. Characterization by the FTIR method shows that there is an interaction between the active groups contained in ceramic adsorbents and the active groups of Fe (II) and Ba (II) metal ions in synthetic acid solutions. This is detected through the formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules and dipoles with reduced dipoles. Equilibrium studies show that ceramic adsorbents are able to remove heavy metals such as Fe(II) and Ba(II) metals. The adsorption equilibrium was tested using the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal equation model. The results showed that the isothermal adsorption pattern in the absorption of Fe (II) metal ions by ceramic adsorbent adsorbents followed the isothermal pattern of the Langmuir model and the isothermal pattern of the Freundlich model. This is because the value of the regression coefficient of both models is close to one (R> 0.95). The adsorption balance test for Ba(II) metal ions by ceramic adsorbent adsorbents tends to follow the isothermal pattern of the Freundlich model shown with an R² value > 0.95, while the use of the Langmuir isothermal pattern only gives an R< value of 0.95. Adsorption testing on a mixture of Fe(II) and Ba(II) ions by ceramic adsorbent adsorbents showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption models were adequate to describe their adsorption equilibrium patterns with values of R² close to one. From the results of the equilibrium study, it can be concluded that ceramic adsorbents are suitable for use as adsorbents to reduce the concentration of Fe (II) and Ba (II) ions. The adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency of the Ba(II) metal ions increases with the increase in the initial concentration of the Ba(II) ion solution, but decreases with the increase in adsoben mass. The kinetics of the adsorption of Ba(II) ions by ceramic adsorbents tend to follow the model of first�order pseudo-kinetics, so they are categorized as the adsorption process physically. The observation results obtained in the form of a straight line that does not pass the coordinate point (0.0) show that intra-particle diffusion is not the only rate-limiting measure, but also other kinetic models can control the adsorption rate of Ba(II) metal ions, all of which can operate simultaneously. The adsorption kinetics of a mixture of Fe (II) and Ba(II) metal ions in ceramic adsorbents tend to follow a second-order pseudo kinetic model that confirms that the adsorption process is a chemisorption process. Continuous ceramic adsorbents effectively remove iron and barium ions. Using columns with a diameter of 10 cm, a bed height of 30 cm, and a flow rate of 6, 7, and 8 mL/min, it was observed that a slower flow rate resulted in higher adsorption effectiveness due to the longer interaction time between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface. The breakthrough curve shows that a lower flow rate results in a slower Breakthrough time, which confirms better adsorption capabilities. To explain the kinetics of adsorption, mathematical modeling was performed using the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Adams–Bohart models. Among these models, the Thomas model showed the best fit for the experimental results, as evidenced by a high correlation coefficient (R² ≥ 0.95). Meanwhile, the Yoon–Nelson model effectively predicts a breakthrough time of 50% (τ). The Adams–Bohart model effectively captures the early stages of the adsorption process, but it proves to be less accurate during the saturation phase due to underlying assumptions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Teknik Informatika , Teknik Kimia
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1-1185 Chemical technology > TP159.C3.A348 Catalysts. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Material Science
Divisions:	03-Faculty of Engineering > 21001-Engineering Science (S3)
Depositing User:	NETTY HERAWATI
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2025 04:27
Last Modified:	15 Sep 2025 04:27
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/183948

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