DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.157-163

Influence of the Rubber Seed Type and Altitude on Characteristic of Seed, Oil and Biodiesel

Salni Salni1,  Poedji Loekitowati Hariani2 ,  Hanifa Marisa Hanifa1

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia, Indonesia

Published: 25 Jun 2017.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

Citation Format:
Abstract

This research studies the influence of the type of rubber seed that is superior and local, altitude plant in South Sumatra province to the characteristic of seed, oil and biodiesel (methyl ester). Rubber plants planted from local rubber seed by seeds seedlings and superior rubber seed by selected clones. In the study, rubber plants planted at a different altitude, namely in Banyuasin district (18 m above sea level), Prabumulih District (176 m above sea level) and Lahat District (627 m above sea level). The results showed that the weight of the flour, the water content and ash content in the local rubber seeds larger than the superior rubber seed for all altitude, but oil content a large in the superior rubber seeds. The major of fatty acids in the rubber seed oil in all types and altitude are a linoleic acid with a different percentage except local rubber seed oil from Lahat district with the large percentage of octadecanoic acid. Free fatty acids in the oil from the superior seeds rubber of 13.897-15.494 % large than local rubber seed oil was found 9.786-10.399 % for all altitude. By esterification process using sulfuric acid catalyst, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) can be reduced to ≤ 2 %. The methyl ester made from the transesterification process of rubber seed oil after esterification using methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Analysis of methyl esters includes cetane index, flash point, kinematic viscosity, carbon residue, density, moisture content, water and sediment content and distillation compared with SNI 7182 and ASTM 6751-02.  The result indicated that the quality of methyl ester from superior rubber seed oil in the Banyuasin and Prabumulih district better than another methyl ester. The types of rubber seed altitude affect the characteristics of the seed, oil and methyl ester  but the altitude are not significantly different.

Keywords: rubber seed, type, altitude, oil, biodiesel

Article History: Received March 21st 2017; Received in revised form May 5th 2017; Accepted June 2nd 2017; Available online

How to Cite This Article: Salni, S, Hariani, P.L. and Marisa, H. (2017) Influence the Rubber Seed Type and Altitude on Characteristic of Seed, Oil and Biodiesel. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 157-163.

https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.157-163

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: rubber seed, type, altitude, oil, biodiesel
Funding: Sriwijaya University

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Statistics: 3285 3793
Share:
Others articles
Development of Formaldehyde Adsorption using Modified Activated Carbon – A Review Study of Fabricated Solar Dryer of Tomato Slices under Jordan Climate Condition Modeling and PSO optimization of Humidifier-Dehumidifier desalination Pre-treatment of Used-Cooking Oil as Feed Stocks of Biodiesel Production by Using Activated Carbon and Clay Minerals More articles
Most cited articles
Determination of Sliced Pineapple Drying Characteristics in A Closed Loop Heat Pump Assisted Drying System The Energy Processing by Power Electronics and its Impact on Power Quality VCO Production from Fresh Old Coconut Bunch by Circulating and Pumping Method Cultivation of Chlorella sp. as Biofuel Sources in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Optimum Sizing Algorithm for An Off Grid Plant Considering Renewable Potentials and Load Profile More cited articles
  1. Abdulkadir, B.A., Yoshimitsu, U., Anita, R., Noridah, Bt, O., Katsuki, K., & Takami, K. (2015)Production of Biodiesel from Rubber Seeds (Hevea Brasiliensis) by In Situ Transesterification Method. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 94,763-768
  2. Andrian, Supriadi., & Purba, M. (2014) The Effect of Elevation and Slope on Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Production in PTPN III Hapesong Farm of South Tapanuli. Jurnal Online Agroteknologi, 2(3), 981:989
  3. Ahmad, J., Suzana, Y., Awais, B., & Ruzaimah, N.M.K. (2014) Biodiesel production from the High Free Fatty Acid “Hevea Brasiliensis” and Fuel Properties Characterization. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 625, 897-900
  4. Awulu1, J.O., Ogbehb, G.O., & Asawac. (2015) Comparative Analysis of Biodiesels from Calabash and Rubber Seeds Oils. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 4(2), 131-136
  5. Bello, E.I., & Otu, F. (2015) Physicochemical Properties of Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) Seed Oil, Its Biodiesel, and Blends with Diesel. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 6(3), 261-275
  6. Chuah, L.F., Suzana, Y., Abdul, R.A.A., Jiri, J.K., Awais, B., & Mohd, Z.A. (2015) Influence of Fatty Acids Content in Non-Edible Oil for Biodiesel Properties. Clean Techn Environ Policy, 1-10
  7. Dizajeyekan, Y.I., Ahmad, R.H., & Tohid, E.G. (2016) Regional Altitude and Soil Physicochemical Factors Influence the Essential Oil of Thymus pubescens (Lamiales: Lamiaceae). J. Biol. Environ. Sci., 10(29), 45-51
  8. Gimbun, J., Shahid, A., Chitra, C.S.C.K., Liyana, A.S., Nurul, H.M.G., Chin, K.C., & Said, N. (2012) Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using A Limestone Based Catalyst. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2, 138-141
  9. Hossain, A.B.M.S., & Mazen, M.A. (2010) Effects of Catalyst Types and Concentrations on Biodiesel Production from Waste Soybean Oil Biomass as Renewable Energy and Environmental Recycling Process. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(7), 550-555
  10. Ibrahim, A.M., & Pillai, B.C. (2011) Optimization of Process Parameters for Biodiesel Extraction from Rubber Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design. International Journal of Production Technology and Management Research, 2(1), 2229-3140
  11. Ikwuagwu, O.E., Ononogbu, I.C., & Njoku, O.U. (2000) Production of Biodiesel Using Rubber [(Hevea Brasiliensis(Kunth. Muell)] Seed Oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 12, 57-62
  12. Ketaren, S. (1986) Pengantar Teknologi Minyak dan Lemak Pangan, UI Press, Jakarta
  13. Khazaai, S.N.M., Gaanty, P.M., Mohd, H.A.R., Mashitah, M.Y., & Yukihiko, M. (2017) Review on Methyl Ester Production from Indible Rubber Seed Oil under Various Catalyst. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 191-195
  14. Kittigowittana, k., Wongsakul, S., Krisdaphong, P., jimtaisong, A., & Saewan, N. (2013) Fatty Acid Composition and Biological Activities of Seed Oil from Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) Cultivar RRIM 600. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 6(2), 1-7
  15. Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Yamanaka, S. & Hidaka, J. (2008) Active Phase of Calcium Oxide used as Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil with Refluxing Methanol. Applied Catalysis, 334(1-2), 357-365
  16. Laza, T., & Bereczky, C. (2010) Basic Fuel Properties of Rapeseed Oil-Higher Alcohol Blends. Fuel, 20(2), 803-810
  17. Marchetti, J.M., and Errazu, A.F. (2008) Esterification of Free Fatty Acids using Sulfuric Acid as Catalyst in the Presence of Triglycerides. Biomass and Bioenergy, 32(9), 892-895
  18. Pianthong, K., & Prachasanti, T. (2009) Production of Biodiesel Seed Oil and Its Effects to Engine Performances. International Conference on Energy Security and Climate Change: Problems & Issues in GMS
  19. Ramadhas, A.S., Jayaraj, S., & Muraleedharan, C. (2005) Biodiesel Production from High FFA Rubber Seed Oil. Fuel, 84, 335-340
  20. Satyanarayana, M., & Muraleedharan, C. (2010) Methyl ester Production from Rubberseed Oil using Two-Step Pretreatment Process. International Journal Of Green Energy, 7(1), 84–90
  21. Shams, M., Mahdi, R., Sasan, Z.E., Ehsan, Z.E., Atilla, D., & Ertan, Y. (2016) Effects of Climatic Factors on the Quantity of Essential Oil and Dry Matter Yield of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(6), 1-4
  22. Setyamidjaja, D. (1993) Karet: Budidaya dan Pengolahan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta
  23. Rouas, S., Mohammed, R., Abdrraouf, E.A., Lahoussaine, B., Drissia, J.I., Abdelaziz, S., & Nadia, M. (2016) Effect of Geographical Conditions (Altitude and pedology) and Age of Olive Plantations on the Typicality of Olive Oil In Moulay Driss Zarhoun. Mediterranean Journal of Biosciences, 1(3), 128-137
  24. Widayat, Agam, D.K.W., & Hadiyanto. (2013) Study on Production Process of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis)by In Situ (Trans)esterification Method with Acid Catalyst. International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application, Energy Procedia, 32, 64-73
  25. Widayat., W & Suherman, S. (2012) Biodiesel production from Rubber seed Oil via Esterification Process. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 192), 57-60
  26. Yousif, E., Bashar, A., Hanan, I., Jumat, S., & Nadia, S. (2013) Rubber Seed Oil Properties, Authentication and Quality Assesment Using (Chloroform: Methanol) as Solvent. Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 16(3), 1-6
  27. Zamberi, M.M., & Ani, F.N. (2016) Biodiesel Production from High FFA Rubber Seed Oil Using Waste Cockles. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(12), 7782-7787

Last update: 2021-06-16 01:08:04

  1. Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

    Andrea Pizzi, Daniele Duca, Giorgio Rossini, Sara Fabrizi, Giuseppe Toscano. Resources, 9 (9), 2020. doi: 10.3390/resources9090114

Last update: 2021-06-16 01:08:04

  1. Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

    Andrea Pizzi, Daniele Duca, Giorgio Rossini, Sara Fabrizi, Giuseppe Toscano. Resources, 9 (9), 2020. doi: 10.3390/resources9090114