KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI BUAH TAKOKAK (Solanum torvum Swartz.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Aedes aegypti L. INSTAR III

ISWARA, RACHMAH and Kamal, Mustafa and Marisa, Hanifa (2021) KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI BUAH TAKOKAK (Solanum torvum Swartz.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Aedes aegypti L. INSTAR III. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University.

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Abstract

In Indonesia as a tropical country the transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever virus is still one of the biggest health problems. The main vector of dengue virus transmission is Aedes aegypti. Vector control is one step that aims to break the chain of transmission. But people today prefer to use synthetic insecticides to control vectors because synthetic insectucides is fast and effective without thinking about the effects. For this reason, we need other alternatives to synthetic insecticides that are safer for humans and the environment, namely with plant insecticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ability between extracts and fraction of Takokak Fruit (Solanum torvum Swartz.) and determine the value of LC50 extract and fraction of takokak fruit on mortality of third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The experimental design in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 concentrations and 5 repetitions. The procedure in this study was first to determine the ability of extracts and fraction from takokak’s fruit as vegetable larvacides by testing extracts and fractions on Aedes aegypti III instar larvae, mortality and then included in the formula of% mortality. Second, knowing the value of LC50 extract and fraction of takokak’s fruit by analyzing the existing mortality data using Probit Analysis. The result of this research that n-hexana fraction has the highest ability to kill test larvae with 100% percentage of the test larvae. The LC50 value of methanol extract from takokak’s fruit which is capable of killing 50% of the total test larvae is 1509,133 ppm, while the LC50 value of n-hexana fraction is 1483,743 ppm. Takokak’s fruit contain compounds including flavonoids, tanins, terpenoids and phenols. The conclusion of this reasearch that n-hexana fraction of takokak’s fruit had better ability than methanol extract of takokak’s fruit as vegetable larvacide against mortality of third instar larvae Ae. aegypti. Keywords: Vegetable larvacide, Solanum torvum Swartz, Aedes aegypti. Di Indonesia sebagai negara tropis penularan virus deman berdarah dengue masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar. Vektor utama penularan virus dengue adalah Aedes aegypti. Pengendalian vektor adalah salah satu langkah yang bertujuan untuk memutus mata rantai penularan. Namun masyarakat saat ini lebih suka menggunakan insektisida sintetik untuk mengendalikan vektor karna kerjanya cepat dan efektif tanpa memikirkan dampaknya. Untuk itu perlu dicari alternatif lain pengganti insetisida sintetik yang lebih aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan yaitu dengan insektisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan antara ekstrak dan fraksi buah takokak (Solanum torvum Swartz.) serta mengetahui nilai LC50 ekstrak dan fraksi buah takokak (Solanum torvum Swartz.) terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti instar III. Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 konsentrasi dan 5 pengulangan. Prosedur pada penelitian ini yakni pertama mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak dan fraksi buah takokak dengan menguji ekstrak dan fraksi terhadap larva Aedes aegypti instar III, diamati mortalitas dan kemudian dimasukkan dalam rumus % mortalitas. Kedua, mengetahui nilai LC50 ekstrak dan fraksi buah takokak dengan menganalisis data mortalitas yang sudah ada dengan menggunakan Analisis Probit. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa fraksi n-heksana memiliki kemampuan paling tinggi dalam membunuh larva uji dengan persentase kematin larva uji sebesar 100%. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol buah takokak (Solanum torvum Swartz.) yang mampu membunuh 50% dari total larva uji adalah 1509,133 ppm, sedangkan nilai LC50 fraksi n-heksana adalah 1483,743 ppm. Buah takokak mengandung golongan senyawa antara lain flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid dan fenol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu fraksi n-heksana buah takokak memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dibandingkan kemampuan ekstrak buah takokak (Solanum torvum Swartz.) terhadap mortalitas larva Ae. aegypti instar III. Kata kunci: Larvasida nabati, Solanum torvum Swartz., Aedes aegypti.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Vegetable larvacide, Solanum torvum Swartz, Aedes aegypti
Subjects:	Q Science > QL Zoology > QL461-599.82 Insects
Divisions:	08-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science > 46201-Biology (S1)
Depositing User:	Rachmah Iswara
Date Deposited:	22 Dec 2021 06:40
Last Modified:	22 Dec 2021 06:40
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/59409

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