PREPARASI HIDROCHAR DARI KULIT BUAH RAMBUTAN SECARA HIDROTERMAL DAN AKTIVASI HIDROCHAR SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA KONGO MERAH DAN DIRECT MERAH

AUGUSTIARA, ELSHA and Lesbani, Aldes and Mohadi, Risfidian (2021) PREPARASI HIDROCHAR DARI KULIT BUAH RAMBUTAN SECARA HIDROTERMAL DAN AKTIVASI HIDROCHAR SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA KONGO MERAH DAN DIRECT MERAH. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University.

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Abstract

Rambutan peel contains 24% cellulose and 35% lignin which can be used as raw material for adsorbent. In this research, hydrochar from rambutan peel were prepared using hydrothermal carbonization method with a time variation of 8; 10; and 12 hours and temperature variation of 200℃ and 250℃. After being prepared, the hydrochar were activated using NaOH as alkaline activator agent. Adsorbent from preparation and activation was used in the adsorption process of congo red and direct red dyes with pH, time, concentration, and temperature variable followed by several parameter observation such as kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic. The result of preparation and activation were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and BET surface area analysis. XRD analysis of rambutan peel and hydrochar showed that diffraction peak appear at 24⁰ with an increasingly sharp intensity but shift toward 2θ at 30⁰ after activation. FT-IR analysis showed the presence of functional groups like –OH, -CH, C=O, C=C aliphatic and aromatic on material. SEM analysis showed that rambutan peel has a rough and uneven texture, hydrochar has a spherical morphology with various of size, and activated hydrochar has almost heterogeneous pores. BET analysis showed an increase due to the preparation treatment at 250℃ and its activation from 7.366 m2/g to 8.583 m2/g and increase again to 10.091 m2/g after activation. The adsorption process of congo red and direct red dyes was optimum at pH 5 and pH 2. The adsorption kinetics data showed that the pseudo second order kinetics model was more suitable for adsorption of congo red and direct red dyes with an R2 about 0.999. Adsorption isotherm data showed that the adsorption of congo red and direct red dyes followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The biggest maximum capacity (Qm) value for congo red dye is 555.556 mg/g, while for direct red dye is 434.783 mg/g. Desorption data showed that NaOH as a suitable solvent for adsorption of congo red and direct red dyes, but hydrochar at 250℃ is more suitable using an ethanol as an organic solvent. Adsorbent by preparation and activation more stable compare raw material in regeneration cycles. The adsorption selectivity showed that congo red dye was more easily absorbed than the direct red dye. The study of characterization adsorbent after adsorption using XRD showed a shift in diffraction peak which indicated an interaction during the adsorption process between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Hidrochar, kulit rambutan, hidrotermal, adsorpsi, kongo merah, direct merah
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD146-197 Inorganic chemistry
Divisions: 08-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science > 47201-Chemistry (S1)
Depositing User: Users 11465 not found.
Date Deposited: 31 Mar 2021 06:44
Last Modified: 31 Mar 2021 06:44
URI: http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/44626

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