DEVELOPMENT AND MODULATION OF GUT MICROBE-HOST INTERACTIONS IN CHICKENS AND PIGLETS

YOSI, FITRA (2024) DEVELOPMENT AND MODULATION OF GUT MICROBE-HOST INTERACTIONS IN CHICKENS AND PIGLETS. Undergraduate thesis, University Of Veterinary Medicine Vienna.

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Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbes and their metabolites, i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have beneficial effects on the gut function and health of monogastric farm animals, particularly chickens and pigs. Nevertheless, more research is still needed to fully understand the complex relationship between gut microbes and their hosts, especially in the following three aspects. First, investigations into the modulating effects of mixed SCFA on intestinal barrier function and contractibility in chickens are scarce. Second, the role of directfed microbes (probiotics) in improving gut health and growth in chickens is still controversial, as evidenced by the different results in various studies. Third, research on the mother-offspring axis and its role in the establishment of gut colonization in neonatal piglets is still limited. We applied three complementary study models, including ex vivo and in vivo experiments, and meta-analysis, to investigate these topics: The ex vivo study aimed to investigate the local effect of mixed SCFA, with different acetate:butyrate ratios and SCFA concentrations, on the jejunal and cecal contractibility and jejunal barrier function in laying hens as an animal model. By implementing Ussing chamber and organ bath techniques, we discovered that increasing the butyrate proportions and SCFA concentrations improved jejunal ion uptake and barrier function, as well as stimulated cecal muscle contraction in laying hens. The aim of the in vivo study was to investigate the changes in bacterial and fungal communities in sow feces during the lactation period as well as in the gastric and cecal digesta of piglets from suckling to one week after weaning. Additionally, the correlation between fecal consistency scores and cecal microbial taxa in the weaned piglets was evaluated. It was shown that the progressing lactation influenced the bacterial and fungal communities in sow feces. Moreover, sow feces and piglet gut digesta were found to share bacterial and fungal taxa, providing evidence that maternal microbes contribute to the gut colonization of neonatal piglets. In addition, potential bacterial and fungal markers for softer and firm feces postweaning have been identified that may serve as indicators of gut homeostatic conditions. The meta-analysis study aimed to assess the modulatory effects of dietary probiotics on gut barrier and immune-related gene expression, histomorphology, and growth performance in broiler chickens, both with and without pathogen challenge. Our meta-analysis revealed that dietary probiotics with various genera/species improved gut integrity and structure in broiler chickens, without affecting growth performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of probiotics was found to be modified by dietary metabolizable energy, crude protein, and days postinfection. 2 Overall, these studies provide new insights into the early gut microbial colonization in piglets as well as into roles of SCFA, and dietary probiotics for gut barrier function and immune responses of the host in chickens. The results obtained may help to develop dietary strategies to improve gut health in these monogastric farm animals.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture > SF756.5-769.5 Special preclinical sciences. Including veterinary genetics, ethology, anatomy, physiology, embryology, pathology
Divisions:	05-Faculty of Agriculture > 54001-Agricultural Science (S3)
Depositing User:	Fitra Yosi
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2024 07:21
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2024 07:21
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/153377

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