SYAHRIZAL, EDO and Yanis, Muhammad and Basri, Hasan (2020) STUDI KUALITAS SKAFOLD BERBAHAN PLA HASIL PRODUKSI MESIN CETAK 3D TIPE FDM DENGAN METODE TAGUCHI. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University.
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Abstract
The development of medical science and mechanics which are combined or can be called biomechanics (biomechanics). Applications in this area for example in the bone. Bones have the unique feature of their ability to self-regenerate within a small scope of the damage. However, if there is greater damage then additional treatment is required. Tissue engineering methods have succeeded in increasing the ability to regenerate bone through the scaffold which has been designed to promote the growth of new tissue in bone. This method has provided a well-preserved bone growth and repair system because the scaffold has been designed to use non-toxic materials and can support bone tissue growth (biocompatibility). Besides, the scaffold is also designed to match the original bone tissue. which has a porous structure, so it can have osteoconductivity which can allow nutrients and bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) to develop and stick in the pores. Additive Manufacture (AM) is one of the most promising fields in component manufacturing. One of them is the 3D Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing machine which allows the production of solid parts made from thermoplastic polymers, therefore the stiffness and strength are relatively small compared to other techniques. At this time, Skafold based on polylactic acid (PLA) has excellent compatibility, bio-absorbability, and can be degraded in the human body so it is often used in the medical field. Bone has a porous structure that can provide space for the development of new bone tissue and tissue circulation. Pore size and porosity are important factors for determining the mechanical strength and flow rate of the scaffold. At different pore sizes, the porosity increases, and the compressive strength decreases due to the increase in interconnection. Meanwhile, the porosity decreases, and the compressive strength increases as the pore size increases due to the same scaffold interconnection. The Taguchi method is used to improve or engineer productivity during research and development so that high-quality products can be produced quickly and at a low cost. The Taguchi method is a design method that has the principle of quality improvement by minimizing the effects of variations without eliminating the causes. This can be obtained through product optimization and process design to obtain the optimum value. This study aims to determine the optimization of scaffold fabrication using 3D printing with PLA material. The Taguchi method is used in this research to determine the optimization of the parameters for the 3d FDM printing process to increase the accuracy of the porosity of the PLA scaffold, this method was chosen because it was efficient and was able to improve or engineer productivity during research and development so that high-quality products could be produced quickly and at a cost. low. For porosity analysis, density testing was performed and for observation using optical microscopy. The parameters used in this testing process through printer settings are Temperature (200 oC, 210 oC, 215 oC), Printing Speed (20 mm / s, 25 mm / s, 30mm / s), Layer Thickness (0.0825 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.112 mm). The characteristic used is Nominal the Better, which is the measured value based on a predetermined target value. Which is the target reference based on scaffold modeling using SolidWorks with a porosity of 49.93%. From the research, the optimum results of density testing using Archimedes' law and also the Taguchi method show that the parameters that have a significant effect are temperature which contributes 25.18%, layer thickness contributes 2.98% and Printing Speed is 0.784%. The design of the level that produces the best scaffold quality is close to the target of 49.93% and has a high S / N ratio value based on the experiment of the Taguchi Temperature method with level 3, namely 215oC, Printing Speed level 2 that is 25 mm / s and Layer Thickness using level 2, namely 0.1 mm. Optical microscope By using microscopic images, the pore size is 1253.49 microns and 1253.23 microns. As you can see, the mean value of this parameter is almost the same as the one defined in the 3D printing setting. The amount of scaffold porosity is also measured by the Archimedes principle, which is around 49 percent.
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