PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI HIBRID DEHUMIDIFIER DAN FLASH DRYER UNTUK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN

Bizzy, Irwin and Sipahutar, Riman and Ibrahim, Eddy and Faizal, Muhammad (2019) PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI HIBRID DEHUMIDIFIER DAN FLASH DRYER UNTUK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN. Doctoral thesis, Sriwijaya University.

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Abstract

Low rank coal has low to moderate calories. This type of coal is in demand by consumers engaged in energy production because the price per ton of coal is relatively cheap. Various ways have been done to increase the calorific value of this coal. The application of coal drying technology is expected to increase the economic value of low rank coal. Coal from the drying process has a high calorie unity price compared to wet coal. Indonesia as one of the world's coal producers has a very large availability of this type of coal, primarily in the islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra, especially the Province of South Sumatra. In general, this coal has characteristics of high inherent moisture, total moisture, hardgrove index, and high volatile matter, but low calorific value. Fixed carbon (FC) and Volatile Matter (VM) contents are the main determining factors in testing the selected of coal types to be used and other physical tests. The Province of South Sumatra has large low rank coal reserves and a large portion of these reserves has low calorific value. Low calorific value has an impact on the coal combustion process and reduces the efficiency of generating equipment and utilization efficiency for other processes. One of the dominant elements in low rank coal is water. Water in coal is divided into two criteria, namely surface water or surface moisture and inherent water or inherent moisture. Based on the Indonesian National Standard SNI13-6011-1999 (1999) that the classification of Indonesian coal is divided into two, namely Brown coal and Hard coal. Brown coal is the type of coal with the lowest rank, is soft, contains high water (10- 70%), and still looks wood structure. Its calorific value is less than 7000 cal/g (dry ash free-ASTM). Hard coal is defined as all types of coal having a higher rating than Brown coal, are harder, compact, contain relatively low water content, generally the wood structure does not appear anymore, and is relatively resistant to physical damage when handling. Its calorific value is bigger than 7,000 cal/g (dry ash free-ASTM). The first phase of the research has been carried out on, originating from Muara Enim Regency, Musi Banyuasin Regency, and Lahat Regency. The results of the first phase are proximate analysis consisting of total moisture (TM) of 24.75% arb, inherent moisture (IM) of 7.81% adb, fixed carbon (FC) of 43.72% adb, volatile matter (VM ) of 44.71% adb, ash content (ASH) of 3.76% adb, calorific value (CV) of 6299 kcal/kg adb for low rank coal from Muara Enim Regency. Total moisture (TM) of 28.04% arb, inherent moisture (IM) of 8.82% adb, fixed carbon (FC) of 44.87% adb, volatile matter (VM) of 43.42% adb, ash content (ASH) of 3.49% adb, calorific value (CV) of 6190 kcal/kg adb for low rank coal from Musi Banyuasin Regency. Total moisture (TM) of 21.17% arb, inherent moisture (IM) of 8.27% adb, fixed carbon (FC) of 39.39% adb, volatile matter (VM) of 36.25% adb, ash content (ASH) of 16.09% adb, calorific value (CV) of 5162 kcal/kg adb for low rank coal from Lahat Regency. Furthermore, this low rank coal is made into particles, namely -100 mesh, -60 + 100 mesh, and -20 + 60 mesh The second stage of the research has been carried out in the form of a drying process in an oven and on direct sunlight oven drying process and direct sunlight. The results showed that the heating value for coal from Muara Enim Regency increased from 6299 to 6393 kcal/kg (increased by 1.49%), for coal from Musi Banyuasin Regency increased from 6190 to 6792 kcal/kg (an increase of 9.73%), and for coal from Lahat Regency increased from 5162 to 5737 kcal/kg (an increase of 11.14%). The highest percentage increase was obtained from Lahat coal as much as 11.14% at drying temperatures of 100oC and coal particle sizes of -20 + 60 mesh. The results of the study also showed a decrease in water content as a function of temperature and the size of dried coal particles. The highest percentage increase was obtained from Lahat coal as much as 97.3% using an oven at a temperature of 100°C and coal particle size of -20 + 60 mesh. The drying process with sunlight and laboratory scale ovens at various temperatures does not experience spontaneous combustion. The third stage of the research is to develop hybrid dehumidifier and flash dryer technology. Dehumidifier is made using Air Conditioning (AC) with power specifications of 2 HP, cooling capacity of 5200 W, heating capacity 5300 W, indoor of 970 x 315 x 235 mm, and outdoor of 800 x 590 x 300 mm. Modifications are carried out on the evaporator by adding a bulkhead or baffle so that the maximum air flow touches the surface of the pipes and modifies the expansion valve section by using a needle valve. The results showed that power increases occurred at air speeds of 9 m/s and 10 m/s but decreased at 11 m/s and 12 m/s. The effect of the weather will cause a change in temperature and relative humidity when entering the evaporator equipment. Differences in relative humidity occur when entering and leaving the evaporator occurs at an air speed of 10 m/s blower and 1/4 valve opening. Next, design a flash dryer. The flash dryer capacity is scale-scale laboratory with a dryer column length of four meters, pipe diameter of 0.05 m, and pipe thickness of 1.8 mm. Other auxiliary equipment is one blower unit with power specifications of 900 W, rotation of 2800 rpm, and pressure of 1835 - 1576 Pa, one small tank unit with a screw conveyor used to drive low rank coal which has been in the form of certain particles. This screw conveyor is driven by an electric motor or can be used by batteries. A heater is installed after the evaporator before entering the blower with temperature control. In addition, at the end of the drying column a mini cyclone is installed with specifications of fluid capacity of 0.3 m3/s, fluid velocity of 12 m/s, and main diameter of 0.90 m. The function of the cyclone is to separate between low rank dry coal and volatile elements and fly into atmospheric air The fourth stage is to take and analyze the test data at temperatures of 50oC, 60oC, and 70oC. The results of research with hybrid humidifier and flash dryer technology can reduce water content and increase the calorific value of South Sumatra low rank coal

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Low rank coal, dehumidifier and flash dryer, South Sumatera, temperature.
Subjects:	T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN799.5-948 Nonmetallic minerals > TN817.S6 Bituminous coal. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP315-360 Fuel > TP329 Lignite Coal
Divisions:	03-Faculty of Engineering > 21001-Engineering Science (S3)
Depositing User:	Dr. Ir. Irwin Bizzy, M.T.
Date Deposited:	07 Sep 2019 08:14
Last Modified:	07 Sep 2019 08:14
URI:	http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/6606

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