Hasanudin, Hasanudin and PUTRI, QODRIA UTAMI and Agustina, Tuty Emilia and Hadiah, Fitri (2022) Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Sulfated Carbon-Zeolite Composite Catalyst. Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Sulfated Carbon-Zeolite Composite Catalyst, 30 (1). pp. 377-395. ISSN 0128-7680
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Abstract
Free fatty acid esterification (FFA) in palm oil mill waste (POME) was carried out using a sulfonated carbon-zeolite composite catalyst. The catalyst is synthesized with carbon precursor obtained from molasses, which is adsorbed on the surface of the zeolite and then carbonized and sulfonated with concentrated H2SO4 to form a sulfonated carbon-zeolite catalyst composite, which will be used for the esterification catalyst and the optimization process for the esterification reaction is carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM) and experimental central composite design (CCD). Importantly, the observed independent variables were temperature, catalyst weight, and reaction time to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) products. The catalyst was successfully synthesized, which was shown from the SEM characterization strengthened by the presence of a sulfate group in the FTIR results and the calculation results of high acidity properties. Optimization of FFA esterification with SCZ catalyst obtained optimal conditions with a temperature of 79oC, a catalyst weight of 3.00 g, and a reaction time of 134 minutes with a FAME product of 93.75%, considering that the viscosity of biodiesel is below that required by the API.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD450-801 Physical and theoretical chemistry |
| Divisions: | 08-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science > 47201-Chemistry (S1) |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Hasanudin Hasanudin |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Nov 2022 13:21 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Nov 2022 13:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/81824 |
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